Inflammation in asthma leads to which of the following?

Inflammation in asthma is a key component of the disease pathology that significantly impacts respiratory function. When inflammation occurs, the airways become swollen and thickened due to the accumulation of inflammatory cells and the release of various mediators like histamines and leukotrienes. This inflammatory response results in several consequences such as airway hyperresponsiveness, increased mucus production, and bronchoconstriction, all of which contribute to airway obstruction.

As a result, air becomes trapped in the lungs because it is unable to move freely out during exhalation. This leads to diminished airflow and can manifest as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion or exposure to triggers (such as allergens). Therefore, the outcome of inflammation in patients with asthma is directly related to airway obstruction and air trapping, making this answer the most accurate in reflecting the pathophysiology of asthma.