What is the function of the mediastinum in relation to the lungs?

The mediastinum serves as the central compartment in the thoracic cavity, effectively separating the left and right lungs. This anatomical structure is crucial because it not only provides a distinct division between the lungs but also houses other vital components such as the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels. By creating this separation, the mediastinum plays a significant role in protecting the lungs from potential infections or diseases that may arise from neighboring structures. Additionally, it contributes to the organization of the thoracic space, allowing for the proper functioning of all components within that space.

In contrast, the roles associated with holding the lungs in place, expanding lung capacity, or providing blood supply are not primarily functions of the mediastinum. While certain structures within the mediastinum may assist in these functions, the primary role of the mediastinum itself remains the separation of the lungs.