What is the primary characteristic of asthma?

The primary characteristic of asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways. This inflammation leads to a variety of symptoms, including wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, which can vary in intensity and may worsen at night or during physical activity.

Chronic inflammation results in airway hyperresponsiveness, where the bronchial tubes become overly sensitive to various triggers such as allergens, irritants, or respiratory infections. This ongoing inflammation also causes structural changes in the airway, known as airway remodeling, which can lead to persistent issues in individuals with asthma if not managed effectively.

Understanding that asthma is fundamentally an inflammatory condition helps in recognizing the importance of controlling inflammation through various treatment options, including inhaled corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory medications. This foundational aspect of asthma sets it apart from other respiratory conditions that might be characterized by different mechanisms or symptoms, such as those indicated in the other choices.