Which of the following is a primary change that occurs during an asthma attack?

During an asthma attack, the primary change that occurs is mucosal inflammation. This inflammation leads to a variety of physiological responses in the airways, including swelling and increased vascular permeability. When the airway linings become inflamed, they can produce excess mucus, which narrows the airways and contributes to the characteristic symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

Mucosal inflammation is a fundamental aspect of asthma pathophysiology and occurs as a result of an overactive immune response to certain triggers, such as allergens or irritants. The inflammatory mediators released during this process can cause bronchoconstriction, further exacerbating breathing difficulties.

In contrast, increased oxygenation of blood and bronchial smooth muscle dilation do not occur during an asthma attack. Instead, the airways are constricted, leading to reduced airflow and oxygenation issues. Additionally, there is typically an increase, rather than a decrease, in mucus secretion during an asthma attack, contributing to airway obstruction. Therefore, mucosal inflammation is indeed the primary change observed during an asthma attack.